CASPER
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Antenna - Satellite Dish
BUD - Big Ugly Dish
LNB - Low Noise Block converter
LNBF - LNB Feedhorn - Direct broadcast satellite (DBS) and many Ku (FSS) dishes use an LNBF, which integrates the antenna's feedhorn with the LNB. Small diplexers are often used to distribute the resulting IF signal (usually 950 to 1450MHz) "piggybacked" in the same cable TV wire that carries lower-frequency terrestrial television from an outdoor antenna. Another diplexer then separates the signals to the receiver of the TV set, and the IRD of the DBS set-top box.
MUX - A group of channels on same frequency
Bouquet - A group of channels on same frequency
L.O. Frequency - Local Oscillator Frequency (C-band = 5150, Ku Linear = 10750, Ku Circular = 11250)
Rain Fade - When rain or snow affect the satellite signal. Also called attenuation.
PID - Packet Identifier
PCR - Packet Clock Rate
Polarization - The physical orientation of the waveform from the satellite. R/L are right and left 'circular' rotation similar to a corkscrew. H/V are horizontal/vertical similar to a fishing line cast either overhand or sidearm.
Symbol Rate (SR) - Size of the digital package transmission
SKEW - Rotation (Clockwise / Anti-Clockwise) of the LNB or LNBF
DVB - Digital Video Broadcast. Video standard used by Dish Network, Bell ExpressVu, PowerVu, and MPEG2 free-to-air.
DSS - Digital Satellite System. Video standard used by Direct TV.
Digicipher 2 - Encryption system and video standard created by Motorola. Used by StarChoice, 4DTV, and Digicipher 2 free-to-air (not the same as MPEG2 FTA).
DL Freq. - Delivery Frequency / Downlink Frequency
DBS - Digital Broadcast Satellite
MPEG II - Moving Picture Experts Group II, A system for compression of digital data
TP - Transponder
IRD - Integrated Receiver Decoder
VC - Virtual Channel
VC II+ - VideoCipher II + decoder
RF - Radio Frequency
EPG - Electronic Program Guide
MHz - Abbreviation for MegaHertz
GHz - Abbreviation for GegaHertz
DiSEqC - Digital Satellite Equipment Control
NTSC - National Television Standards Committee. TV standard used in North America, Japan, and most of Latin America.
PAL - Phase Alternating Line. TV standard used in most parts of the world, including Asia, Europe, and Australia.
SECAM - Another TV standard used primarily in France and Russia.
Bird – A satellite
FSS - Fixed Satellite Service. Satellite service intended for commercial applications, such as transmitting feeds from an uplink facility to a downlink facility where it can then be processed for other uses. With few exceptions, FSS transmissions are usually not intended for consumers directly.
BSS - Broadcast Satellite Service. Also called DBS (Direct Broadcast Service). This is a satellite service that is uplinked for the specific purpose of reception directly by consumers. This includes XM/Sirius Radio, Direct TV, Bell ExpressVu, StarChoice, and Dish Network. StarChoice, though a BSS service, actually operates in the FSS portion of Ku-Band.
P-Band - 200-1000 MHz satellite band used for amateur DXing and weather satellite use. 200 MHz is the lowest satellite frequency possible because frequencies lower than that bounce off the ionosphere.
L-Band - 1000-1500 MHz satellite band. Most commonly used for Radionavigation (GPS) and weather satellite use.
S-Band - 2310-2690 MHz frequency. The 2310-2360 MHz portion is used for XM and Sirius Radio. The higher portion (2500-2690 MHz) is allocated for DBS television service; but due to the small size of the spectrum, it has not been used.
C-Band - 3700-4100 MHz (downlink) and 5925-6945 MHz (uplink) Frequency. Also the general name used for the big dish. Used mainly for commercial purposes: linking feeds to network affiliates and cable systems. Most of these are not intended for general use but you can subscribe to them and many of them are not encrypted.
X-Band - 7250-7750 MHz (downlink) and 7900-8400 (uplink) frequency. Used for military purposes.
Ku-Band (FSS) - stands for "kurz-under". The 10.7-12.2 GHz (downlink) and 12.7-14.5 GHz (uplink) portion of the satellite frequency spectrum. In North America, this portion of the Ku spectrum requires a linear LNB.
Ku-Band (BSS) - 12.2-12.7 (downlink) and 12.7-14.5 GHz (uplink). Used for Direct TV, BEV, and Dish Network. This portion of the Ku spectrum requires a circular LNB.
Ka-Band - stands for "kurz-above". Frequency 17.7-20.2 GHz (downlink). Will soon be the standard for broadband internet via satellite and may even become useful for DBS at some point in the future.
V-Band - Frequency 47.2-275 GHz. V-band is actually a generic term for the several FSS bands that exist in that huge portion of the spectrum.
SCPC - Single Channel Per Carrier
MCPC - Multi Channel Per Carrier
FTA - Free To Air, Non-encrypted channel (digital)
ITC - In The Clear, Non-scrambled channel (analog)
Open - In The Clear or Free To Air
Scrambled - Analog video has been manipulated so that it is not intelligible.
Encrypted - Digital Video and/or Audio have been encoded and require special keys or processes to make it visible.
Closed - Encrypted or Scrambled channel
Conditional Access - System in which access to a particular channel requires unit (box) information and channel tier information before decryption can take place. Used by Dish Net/BEV receivers and CAM-equipped FTA receivers.
Open Access - System in which access to a provider's entire network is accomplished by entering the public and parity keys. Used by the popular Fortec and Pansat receivers, as well as DVB-S cards.
CAM - Conditional Access Module. With Dish/BEV receivers, it is built-in. With FTA receivers such as Dreambox, it is a removable unit. CAMs process the information from the smart card and allow the receiver to decrypt channel information.
Smart Card - A credit-card sized card with a microchip containing decryption information. A smart card is read by a CAM.
CI Slot - Commmon Interface Slot, CAM is inserted in this
Elevation - The Up/Down positioning of the satellite dish
Azimuth - The Left/Right positioning of the satellite dish
Direction - Also called Azimuth
Composite Video - Phono (RCA) Video
IR - Infra-Red
UHF - Ultra High Frequency
Pizza Dish - Generic name for the small dish
Cable on a stick - Another name for the small dish
Clarke Belt – Another name for the satellite belt. Named after it’s discoverer, Arthur C. Clarke
Wild Feed - Show that is not yet scheduled to air. (Meant for station affiliates only.) Note: Never call trouble number on the screen it's for TV stations only! (If they know you can see it, they may move it!) Also, you will probably see "dead Air." (black screen) This is where the TV stations insert thier local commercials
Back Haul - Live Feed / Up link feed (E.G. Sporting events, News , Etc.) (Meant for station affiliates only.) Note: Never call trouble number on the screen it's for TV stations only! (If they know you can see it, they may move it!.)
Clean Feed - No commercials (Back hauls usually) E.G. Watch the Zambonie clean
the ice.
DAVE - Digital Audio Video Entertainment. Also known as Direct TV.
DISH Network - Digital Information Sky Highway Network
Charlie - Charlie Ergen, DISH Network CEO. Also known as Dish Network
BEV - Bell ExpressVu
*C - Star Choice
BIN – A file in a BINary format suitable for flashing a ROM
BB - Blackbird
ECM - Electronic Counter Measure
ECM - Entitlement Control Message - This Message(packet) contains the Control Words needed to view the channel, the Control Words in this packet are encrypted and need to be decrypted to get the correct Control Words to view the channel, this decryption uses the Public Keys that the providers change all the time, the ones "auto-roll" picks up, or the ones you enter manually.
MECM - Managed Entitlement Control Message - This tells the Sub card that there will be a different decryption process for the Control Words in this packet than a standard ECM packet. There are currently two MECMs used, MECM40 and MECM60, these also use Public Keys but different than the regular ECM Public Keys, there is also a second "Key"(not really a key, but it changes like a key) needed for both, these can not be entered manually but they are picked up by "pirate" software, so no need to enter them in any case. What the current MECMs are doing to stop cardless systems is using the "timing" of a sub card to decrypt the Control Words with the MECMs. A cardless eeprom is not the same as a card eeprom so you have freezing or full outages when the timing varies to much. Emulators try to duplicate the cards eeprom timing but its still not a card eeprom, there are many timing variables in the cards eeprom and these timing variables can also be changed by the provider at anytime, so not much hope for "true emulation".
FLASHED – Software program that reads the TSOP bin and makes changes in specific locations such as; the IRD number, Box Keys, Bootstrap etc.
FIRMWARE - Software in the TSOP that allows the receiver to run.
TSOP - Thin Small Outline Package (The memory chip within the receiver, which contains the software to run it
JKEYS - Software used to read a receiver's box keys
JTAG - Joint Team Action Group. A device made of five resistors and a DB-25 connector that allows the receiver to communicate with a computer. (JTAG is used to read from or write to the receiver's TSOP)
LOOPED – A card that has lost its ATR (Answer to Reset)
NAG - An on screen error message
SOFTWARE FIX - A software upgrade that gets around a NAG or ECM
BOX KEYS - Secret keys that are in each receiver's firmware that identify the particular reciever.
BOOTSTRAP - Code that allows the receiver to power up and access the programming on the TSOP.
CLONING – Changing the IRD number, box keys, bootstrap etc. in a receiver's TSOP to match another.
NAGRA 1&2 - Nagravision encryption (Dish Netwok & ExpressVu systems)
P4 & P5 - Videoguard encryption (Direct TV, Sky Mexico systems)
LNB= low-noise block converter= LNB is usually fixed on or in the satellite dish
Link for LNB info= LNB's - F2ATV.com
DiSEqC switch= (Digital Satellite Equipment Control), pronounced "Die-Sec", is a special communication protocol for use between a satellite receiver and a device such as a multi-dish switch or a small dish antenna rotor.
* DiSEqC 1.0, which allows switching between up to 4 satellite sources
* DiSEqC 1.1, which allows switching between up to 16 sources
* DiSEqC 1.2, which allows switching between up to 16 sources, and control of a simple horizontal-panning satellite motor
* DiSEqC 2.0, which adds bi-directional communications to DiSEqC 1.2
Link for DiSEqC switches= Switches - F2ATV.com
Flash’s/Bins/Files= very simular to the operating system in your personal computer. This is the program that allows the FTA unit to unscramble the signal for viewing. These are found in the section that is designed for your manufactuer.
USALS=Universal Satellites Automatic Location System (USALS)=also known (unofficially) as DiSEqC 1.3, Go X or Go to XX is a satellite motor protocol that automatically creates a list of available satellite positions in a motorised satellite dish setup. It is used in conjunction with the DiSEqC 1.2 protocol. It was developed by STAB, an Italian motor manufacturer, who still make the majority of USALS compatible motors.
Software on the satellite receiver (or external positioner) calculates the position of all available satellites from an initial location (input by the user), which is the latitude and longitude relative to Earth. Calculated positions can differ ±0.1 degrees from the offset. This is adjusted automatically and does not require previous technical knowledge.
Emulation= refers to the use of a personal computer in place of a smartcard using an ISO 7816-compatible "Season" interface. The PC, as far as the decoder is concerned, becomes a legitimate smartcard due to the program running on it. The program responds like a legitimate smartcard.
FTA ( Free To Air )=FTA is often used to refer to receivers and equipment which contain no decryption hardware, built with the intention of being able to receive unencrypted free-to-air broadcasts; more properly FTA refers to the unencrypted broadcasts themselves.Much of the equipment is perfectly lawful to own; in these cases, only the misuse of the equipment to pirate signals is prohibited. This makes provider attempts at legal harassment of would-be pirates awkward at best, a serious problem for providers which is growing due to the Internet distribution of third-party software to reprogram some otherwise legitimate free-to-air DVB receivers to decrypt pay TV broadcasts with no extra hardware.
JTAG=a standard test interface defined by the Joint Test Action Group and supported on many late-model digital receivers for factory test purposes. Operating using a six-wire interface and a personal computer, the JTAG interface was originally intended to provide a means to test and debug embedded hardware and software. In the satellite TV world, JTAG is most often used to obtain read-write access to nonvolatile memory within a digital receiver; initially programs such as Wall and JKeys were used to read box keys from receivers with embedded CAM's but JTAG has since proven its legitimate worth to satellite TV fans as a repair tool to fix receivers where the firmware (in flash memory) has been corrupted.
ECM= electronic countermeasure
Dish Network= American satalite television provider
Bell ExpressVu= Canadian satalit television provider
Nagravision= Nagravision is a company of the Kudelski Group that develops conditional access systems for cable and satellite television. The name is also used for their main products, the Nagravision encryption systems.
CAS= Conditional Access (acronymized CA) is the protection of content by requiring certain criteria to be met before granting access to this content. The term is commonly used in relation to digital television systems, most notably satellite television.
Encryption= encryption is the process of transforming information (referred to as plaintext) using an algorithm (called cipher) to make it unreadable to anyone except those possessing special knowledge, usually referred to as a key. The result of the process is encrypted information (in cryptography, referred to as ciphertext). In many contexts, the word encryption also implicitly refers to the reverse process,
Key= a key is a piece of information (a parameter) that determines the functional output of a cryptographic algorithm. Without a key, the algorithm would have no result. In encryption, a key specifies the particular transformation of plaintext into ciphertext, or vice versa during decryption. Keys are also used in other cryptographic algorithms, such as digital signature schemes and message authentication codes.
DVB= short for Digital Video Broadcasting, is a suite of internationally accepted open standards for digital television.
Public Keys = Keys sent out to all subscribers via satellite data stream
Private Keys = Keys that are only found inside a providers card/chip
Both Public and Private Key sets are needed to view a channel, this is why you can't simply "get a channel" by pointing a dish at a satellite and reading the data stream, the Private Keys aren't there, someone needs to "hack" a current Provider card to get the current Private Keys, this is why a provider will do a card swap, this is the only way to change the Private Keys for that provider. If no one can "hack" the new card to get the Private Keys then the system is secure, no FreeTV, this happened with the new DTV cards a few years back, no Private Keys = no FreeTV.
BUD - Big Ugly Dish
LNB - Low Noise Block converter
LNBF - LNB Feedhorn - Direct broadcast satellite (DBS) and many Ku (FSS) dishes use an LNBF, which integrates the antenna's feedhorn with the LNB. Small diplexers are often used to distribute the resulting IF signal (usually 950 to 1450MHz) "piggybacked" in the same cable TV wire that carries lower-frequency terrestrial television from an outdoor antenna. Another diplexer then separates the signals to the receiver of the TV set, and the IRD of the DBS set-top box.
MUX - A group of channels on same frequency
Bouquet - A group of channels on same frequency
L.O. Frequency - Local Oscillator Frequency (C-band = 5150, Ku Linear = 10750, Ku Circular = 11250)
Rain Fade - When rain or snow affect the satellite signal. Also called attenuation.
PID - Packet Identifier
PCR - Packet Clock Rate
Polarization - The physical orientation of the waveform from the satellite. R/L are right and left 'circular' rotation similar to a corkscrew. H/V are horizontal/vertical similar to a fishing line cast either overhand or sidearm.
Symbol Rate (SR) - Size of the digital package transmission
SKEW - Rotation (Clockwise / Anti-Clockwise) of the LNB or LNBF
DVB - Digital Video Broadcast. Video standard used by Dish Network, Bell ExpressVu, PowerVu, and MPEG2 free-to-air.
DSS - Digital Satellite System. Video standard used by Direct TV.
Digicipher 2 - Encryption system and video standard created by Motorola. Used by StarChoice, 4DTV, and Digicipher 2 free-to-air (not the same as MPEG2 FTA).
DL Freq. - Delivery Frequency / Downlink Frequency
DBS - Digital Broadcast Satellite
MPEG II - Moving Picture Experts Group II, A system for compression of digital data
TP - Transponder
IRD - Integrated Receiver Decoder
VC - Virtual Channel
VC II+ - VideoCipher II + decoder
RF - Radio Frequency
EPG - Electronic Program Guide
MHz - Abbreviation for MegaHertz
GHz - Abbreviation for GegaHertz
DiSEqC - Digital Satellite Equipment Control
NTSC - National Television Standards Committee. TV standard used in North America, Japan, and most of Latin America.
PAL - Phase Alternating Line. TV standard used in most parts of the world, including Asia, Europe, and Australia.
SECAM - Another TV standard used primarily in France and Russia.
Bird – A satellite
FSS - Fixed Satellite Service. Satellite service intended for commercial applications, such as transmitting feeds from an uplink facility to a downlink facility where it can then be processed for other uses. With few exceptions, FSS transmissions are usually not intended for consumers directly.
BSS - Broadcast Satellite Service. Also called DBS (Direct Broadcast Service). This is a satellite service that is uplinked for the specific purpose of reception directly by consumers. This includes XM/Sirius Radio, Direct TV, Bell ExpressVu, StarChoice, and Dish Network. StarChoice, though a BSS service, actually operates in the FSS portion of Ku-Band.
P-Band - 200-1000 MHz satellite band used for amateur DXing and weather satellite use. 200 MHz is the lowest satellite frequency possible because frequencies lower than that bounce off the ionosphere.
L-Band - 1000-1500 MHz satellite band. Most commonly used for Radionavigation (GPS) and weather satellite use.
S-Band - 2310-2690 MHz frequency. The 2310-2360 MHz portion is used for XM and Sirius Radio. The higher portion (2500-2690 MHz) is allocated for DBS television service; but due to the small size of the spectrum, it has not been used.
C-Band - 3700-4100 MHz (downlink) and 5925-6945 MHz (uplink) Frequency. Also the general name used for the big dish. Used mainly for commercial purposes: linking feeds to network affiliates and cable systems. Most of these are not intended for general use but you can subscribe to them and many of them are not encrypted.
X-Band - 7250-7750 MHz (downlink) and 7900-8400 (uplink) frequency. Used for military purposes.
Ku-Band (FSS) - stands for "kurz-under". The 10.7-12.2 GHz (downlink) and 12.7-14.5 GHz (uplink) portion of the satellite frequency spectrum. In North America, this portion of the Ku spectrum requires a linear LNB.
Ku-Band (BSS) - 12.2-12.7 (downlink) and 12.7-14.5 GHz (uplink). Used for Direct TV, BEV, and Dish Network. This portion of the Ku spectrum requires a circular LNB.
Ka-Band - stands for "kurz-above". Frequency 17.7-20.2 GHz (downlink). Will soon be the standard for broadband internet via satellite and may even become useful for DBS at some point in the future.
V-Band - Frequency 47.2-275 GHz. V-band is actually a generic term for the several FSS bands that exist in that huge portion of the spectrum.
SCPC - Single Channel Per Carrier
MCPC - Multi Channel Per Carrier
FTA - Free To Air, Non-encrypted channel (digital)
ITC - In The Clear, Non-scrambled channel (analog)
Open - In The Clear or Free To Air
Scrambled - Analog video has been manipulated so that it is not intelligible.
Encrypted - Digital Video and/or Audio have been encoded and require special keys or processes to make it visible.
Closed - Encrypted or Scrambled channel
Conditional Access - System in which access to a particular channel requires unit (box) information and channel tier information before decryption can take place. Used by Dish Net/BEV receivers and CAM-equipped FTA receivers.
Open Access - System in which access to a provider's entire network is accomplished by entering the public and parity keys. Used by the popular Fortec and Pansat receivers, as well as DVB-S cards.
CAM - Conditional Access Module. With Dish/BEV receivers, it is built-in. With FTA receivers such as Dreambox, it is a removable unit. CAMs process the information from the smart card and allow the receiver to decrypt channel information.
Smart Card - A credit-card sized card with a microchip containing decryption information. A smart card is read by a CAM.
CI Slot - Commmon Interface Slot, CAM is inserted in this
Elevation - The Up/Down positioning of the satellite dish
Azimuth - The Left/Right positioning of the satellite dish
Direction - Also called Azimuth
Composite Video - Phono (RCA) Video
IR - Infra-Red
UHF - Ultra High Frequency
Pizza Dish - Generic name for the small dish
Cable on a stick - Another name for the small dish
Clarke Belt – Another name for the satellite belt. Named after it’s discoverer, Arthur C. Clarke
Wild Feed - Show that is not yet scheduled to air. (Meant for station affiliates only.) Note: Never call trouble number on the screen it's for TV stations only! (If they know you can see it, they may move it!) Also, you will probably see "dead Air." (black screen) This is where the TV stations insert thier local commercials
Back Haul - Live Feed / Up link feed (E.G. Sporting events, News , Etc.) (Meant for station affiliates only.) Note: Never call trouble number on the screen it's for TV stations only! (If they know you can see it, they may move it!.)
Clean Feed - No commercials (Back hauls usually) E.G. Watch the Zambonie clean
the ice.
DAVE - Digital Audio Video Entertainment. Also known as Direct TV.
DISH Network - Digital Information Sky Highway Network
Charlie - Charlie Ergen, DISH Network CEO. Also known as Dish Network
BEV - Bell ExpressVu
*C - Star Choice
BIN – A file in a BINary format suitable for flashing a ROM
BB - Blackbird
ECM - Electronic Counter Measure
ECM - Entitlement Control Message - This Message(packet) contains the Control Words needed to view the channel, the Control Words in this packet are encrypted and need to be decrypted to get the correct Control Words to view the channel, this decryption uses the Public Keys that the providers change all the time, the ones "auto-roll" picks up, or the ones you enter manually.
MECM - Managed Entitlement Control Message - This tells the Sub card that there will be a different decryption process for the Control Words in this packet than a standard ECM packet. There are currently two MECMs used, MECM40 and MECM60, these also use Public Keys but different than the regular ECM Public Keys, there is also a second "Key"(not really a key, but it changes like a key) needed for both, these can not be entered manually but they are picked up by "pirate" software, so no need to enter them in any case. What the current MECMs are doing to stop cardless systems is using the "timing" of a sub card to decrypt the Control Words with the MECMs. A cardless eeprom is not the same as a card eeprom so you have freezing or full outages when the timing varies to much. Emulators try to duplicate the cards eeprom timing but its still not a card eeprom, there are many timing variables in the cards eeprom and these timing variables can also be changed by the provider at anytime, so not much hope for "true emulation".
FLASHED – Software program that reads the TSOP bin and makes changes in specific locations such as; the IRD number, Box Keys, Bootstrap etc.
FIRMWARE - Software in the TSOP that allows the receiver to run.
TSOP - Thin Small Outline Package (The memory chip within the receiver, which contains the software to run it
JKEYS - Software used to read a receiver's box keys
JTAG - Joint Team Action Group. A device made of five resistors and a DB-25 connector that allows the receiver to communicate with a computer. (JTAG is used to read from or write to the receiver's TSOP)
LOOPED – A card that has lost its ATR (Answer to Reset)
NAG - An on screen error message
SOFTWARE FIX - A software upgrade that gets around a NAG or ECM
BOX KEYS - Secret keys that are in each receiver's firmware that identify the particular reciever.
BOOTSTRAP - Code that allows the receiver to power up and access the programming on the TSOP.
CLONING – Changing the IRD number, box keys, bootstrap etc. in a receiver's TSOP to match another.
NAGRA 1&2 - Nagravision encryption (Dish Netwok & ExpressVu systems)
P4 & P5 - Videoguard encryption (Direct TV, Sky Mexico systems)
LNB= low-noise block converter= LNB is usually fixed on or in the satellite dish
Link for LNB info= LNB's - F2ATV.com
DiSEqC switch= (Digital Satellite Equipment Control), pronounced "Die-Sec", is a special communication protocol for use between a satellite receiver and a device such as a multi-dish switch or a small dish antenna rotor.
* DiSEqC 1.0, which allows switching between up to 4 satellite sources
* DiSEqC 1.1, which allows switching between up to 16 sources
* DiSEqC 1.2, which allows switching between up to 16 sources, and control of a simple horizontal-panning satellite motor
* DiSEqC 2.0, which adds bi-directional communications to DiSEqC 1.2
Link for DiSEqC switches= Switches - F2ATV.com
Flash’s/Bins/Files= very simular to the operating system in your personal computer. This is the program that allows the FTA unit to unscramble the signal for viewing. These are found in the section that is designed for your manufactuer.
USALS=Universal Satellites Automatic Location System (USALS)=also known (unofficially) as DiSEqC 1.3, Go X or Go to XX is a satellite motor protocol that automatically creates a list of available satellite positions in a motorised satellite dish setup. It is used in conjunction with the DiSEqC 1.2 protocol. It was developed by STAB, an Italian motor manufacturer, who still make the majority of USALS compatible motors.
Software on the satellite receiver (or external positioner) calculates the position of all available satellites from an initial location (input by the user), which is the latitude and longitude relative to Earth. Calculated positions can differ ±0.1 degrees from the offset. This is adjusted automatically and does not require previous technical knowledge.
Emulation= refers to the use of a personal computer in place of a smartcard using an ISO 7816-compatible "Season" interface. The PC, as far as the decoder is concerned, becomes a legitimate smartcard due to the program running on it. The program responds like a legitimate smartcard.
FTA ( Free To Air )=FTA is often used to refer to receivers and equipment which contain no decryption hardware, built with the intention of being able to receive unencrypted free-to-air broadcasts; more properly FTA refers to the unencrypted broadcasts themselves.Much of the equipment is perfectly lawful to own; in these cases, only the misuse of the equipment to pirate signals is prohibited. This makes provider attempts at legal harassment of would-be pirates awkward at best, a serious problem for providers which is growing due to the Internet distribution of third-party software to reprogram some otherwise legitimate free-to-air DVB receivers to decrypt pay TV broadcasts with no extra hardware.
JTAG=a standard test interface defined by the Joint Test Action Group and supported on many late-model digital receivers for factory test purposes. Operating using a six-wire interface and a personal computer, the JTAG interface was originally intended to provide a means to test and debug embedded hardware and software. In the satellite TV world, JTAG is most often used to obtain read-write access to nonvolatile memory within a digital receiver; initially programs such as Wall and JKeys were used to read box keys from receivers with embedded CAM's but JTAG has since proven its legitimate worth to satellite TV fans as a repair tool to fix receivers where the firmware (in flash memory) has been corrupted.
ECM= electronic countermeasure
Dish Network= American satalite television provider
Bell ExpressVu= Canadian satalit television provider
Nagravision= Nagravision is a company of the Kudelski Group that develops conditional access systems for cable and satellite television. The name is also used for their main products, the Nagravision encryption systems.
CAS= Conditional Access (acronymized CA) is the protection of content by requiring certain criteria to be met before granting access to this content. The term is commonly used in relation to digital television systems, most notably satellite television.
Encryption= encryption is the process of transforming information (referred to as plaintext) using an algorithm (called cipher) to make it unreadable to anyone except those possessing special knowledge, usually referred to as a key. The result of the process is encrypted information (in cryptography, referred to as ciphertext). In many contexts, the word encryption also implicitly refers to the reverse process,
Key= a key is a piece of information (a parameter) that determines the functional output of a cryptographic algorithm. Without a key, the algorithm would have no result. In encryption, a key specifies the particular transformation of plaintext into ciphertext, or vice versa during decryption. Keys are also used in other cryptographic algorithms, such as digital signature schemes and message authentication codes.
DVB= short for Digital Video Broadcasting, is a suite of internationally accepted open standards for digital television.
Public Keys = Keys sent out to all subscribers via satellite data stream
Private Keys = Keys that are only found inside a providers card/chip
Both Public and Private Key sets are needed to view a channel, this is why you can't simply "get a channel" by pointing a dish at a satellite and reading the data stream, the Private Keys aren't there, someone needs to "hack" a current Provider card to get the current Private Keys, this is why a provider will do a card swap, this is the only way to change the Private Keys for that provider. If no one can "hack" the new card to get the Private Keys then the system is secure, no FreeTV, this happened with the new DTV cards a few years back, no Private Keys = no FreeTV.
